As the hours wore on at the watch party for Marilyn Mosby, guests and the media started asking her team when the states attorney would come out and speak. ROBBIE LEONARD WAS THE FIRST CANDIDATE TO CHALLENGE THE INCUMBENT SENSE 2006. T he task of tallying mail-in and absentee ballots in the race for Baltimore State's Attorney officially got underway on Thursday . "We have to continue to change lives and make America live up to its ideals of justice and equality for everybody. abusive toward subordinates at previous positions, including at the Baltimore States Attorneys Office and the Maryland Attorney Generals Office. This year, she has the cloud of a federal case hanging over her. Office of the State's Attorney for Baltimore City 120 East Baltimore Street, 9th Floor Baltimore, MD 21202. Theyre the foundation of our vision of this city: 20,000 are already in, and wont start getting counted until Thursday. She gained national popularity when she served as the prosecutor in the Freddie Gray case in 2015. Still, her political opponents have sought to blame Mosby for the street violence that continues to grip Baltimore. He unsuccessfully ran in the Democratic primary in 2018. Nate Rackett campaigning for Cogen outside a Hampden polling place. Before starting his law firm, Bates served as an assistant states attorney in Baltimore from 1996-2002 and worked his way up to the homicide division. Bates was favored by 9%, and 17% were undecided. Some 45% of sampled Black voters said theyd vote for Mosby, considerably less than the over 60% who voted for her in 2018. (Fern Shen), A clash of political generations undergirds this years sheriffs race, Lively line-up competing in open Baltimore Circuit Court Clerks race, Fireworks in the 41st over a delegates abortion votes and a councilmans political slate. The CBS Baltimore Staff is a group of experienced journalists who bring you the content on CBSBaltimore.com. "It'll be a while before we know who won this race. THE FORMER PUBLIC DEFENDER SAYS HE IS PLEASED HE RAN SUCH A TIGHT RACE. Seeking a third term, Mosby announced her candidacy despite a looming federal indictment, with a trial now set for September or two months after the July 19 Democratic Party primary. His grandfather, former circuit court clerkFrank M. Conaway Sr.,was a fixture in city politics thanks in part to tutelage from the late Westside boss, William L. Little Willie Adams. Thats made her a bogeyman in conservative politics. Above: Thiru Vignarajah files his candidacy at the city elections board last month. Governor Visits State's Attorney's Office For Tour and Public Safety Discussion. Im voting to try to keep her in.. Mosby needs about half of the mail-in ballots to go her way in order to secure a victory, a prospect that began to look less likely as Thursdays canvass got underway. By signing up for alerts, I agree to The Baltimore Banner's Terms of Service, Privacy Policy, and Cookie Policy and to receive news alerts and other communications from The Baltimore Banner. In the District races, incumbents generally appeared secure, though some newcomers were leading in the preliminary results last night. McNair recently retired from Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center and said he voted for Vignarajah over incumbent Mosby. He served from 1986-1988 in the U.S. Army. Paul Gessler is a general assignment reporter at WJZ with a decade of experience reporting in Baltimore. At 11:16 p.m., with 293 out of 296 precincts reporting, Bates received 107,349 votes (98.12%), according to unofficial election results from the Maryland State Board of Elections. A tight race in the Baltimore County state's attorney Democratic primary is now over. She has pleaded not guilty to those federal charges. Marvin Washington, 68, of West Baltimore, shared the excitement about the states attorneys race. Defense attorney Ivan Bates has won the Democratic primary for Baltimore's top prosecutor, defeating incumbent State's Attorney Marilyn Mosby, who will leave the office after two terms.. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. Vignarajah is campaigning on a platform pledge to reduce Baltimore's homicide rate. "My priority in running for state's attorney is having a fair, transparent and accountable criminal justice system in the State . Court documents state that Mosby allegedly lied when citing coronavirus hardship as a reason to make withdrawals from her city retirement account and allegedly certified that she met at least one qualification for distribution under the CARES Act and "affirm[ed] under penalties for perjury the statements and acknowledgments made in this request.". Candidate Xavier Conaway. Ill check, attorney Warren Brown told one reporter. Last week, Shellenberger gained 918-vote advantage over Leonard with 28,000 more mail-in ballots left to process. in 2006 and served as managing partner. His victory is a reversal from the 2018 primary, which featured the same candidates but saw Mosby trounce Bates and Vignarajah for her second term. People including friends, work colleagues, members of the community and fraternity brothers from Omega Psi Phi Fraternity Inc. joined him. Quotes displayed in real-time or delayed by at least 15 minutes. Before heading home early, Bates said a win would only be their start to addressing the change that Baltimore needs. By law, local elections officials cannot open mail-in ballots until Thursday. You've successfully subscribed to this newsletter! (Ulysses Muoz/The Baltimore Banner). But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. The incumbent, Marilyn J. Mosby, won . Baltimore City Primary Elections Next municipal primary election: April 23, 2024 (for mayor, city council, & comptroller) Next municipal primary election: June 23, 2026 (for circuit court clerk, orphans' court judges, register of wills, sheriff, & state's attorney) Some observers were stunned by the possible outcome of this race, given Conaways age and apparent glide path to victory via family connections. Among the other citywide races, some were extremely tight as of Wednesday morning: Sam Cogen, the challenger who took on eight-term incumbent Sheriff John W. Anderson, was leading by a slim margin. You may be able to find the same content in another format, or you may be able to find more information, at their web site. "Crime is absolutely out of control and when I talk to the voters, and the voters they want change.". Shellenberger has a 16-year track record of being a "law-and-order prosecutor" and received the endorsement of the Baltimore County police union. Also running was Shanai Dunmore. Adam Sabes is a writer for Fox News Digital. Already a controversial. Its not going back to the days of tough on crime, its being smart on crime, Bates said. Washington said hes worried about gun violence, and he supports Mosby. By: Madeleine O'Neill Offers may be subject to change without notice. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, "My record speaks for itself," she said. (Fern Shen). The states attorney is elected to four-year terms and earned an annual salary of $238,772 in fiscal year 2021, according to the citys salary database. But at least at this early stage, Mosby appears to have lost votes, while Vignarajah, who ran for mayor in 2020 and is a fixture on Fox45 and other news programs, has apparently gained followers. Unlike four years ago when Marilyn Mosby cruised to victory, this years race for Baltimore states attorney could be tightening into a competitive match. "We had murders below 200. He previously was a law clerk for Circuit Judge David B. Mitchell. As the polls closed, Bates supporters shuffled into the Village Learning Place in Charles Village, entering through a small garden with a live band in the corner. If you stop, as she did, to challenge some of the underpinnings of the law enforcement and criminal justice system, you become a pariah, you become persona non grata, anathema to the establishment, Brown said in an interview. UPDATED: 12:30 p.m. "Four years ago, I was a complete rookie with no name recognition, that nobody had ever heard of before," he said. 1-6): . He unseated the two-term incumbent, Marilyn Mosby, in the Democratic primary and did not face a challenger in the general election. (Jerry Jackson/The Baltimore Sun via AP, File). Im excited, Bates said. March 1, 2023. Baltimore Sun librarian Paul McCardell contributed research to this article. Maryland State Attorney Marilyn Mosby speaks during a news conference in Baltimore in December 2019. Ivan Bates remains in the lead with 39.83 percent of the votes, followed by Vignarajah (30.40) and Mosby (29.77). In the case of a vacancy, judges appoint a successor. Mail-in ballots continue to favor Bates in Baltimore states attorney race, Vignarajahs campaign faced a late challenge when. pic.twitter.com/7r2t6OsTL2. The Brew asked the Bates and Mosby campaigns to respond to the GQR poll and invited them to release their own polling data about how the race is shaping up. The defense attorney won about 41% of votes counted Tuesday, leading incumbent Marilyn Mosby and challenger Thiru Vignarajah. Legal Statement. "It's going to take her having a very good ground game and being able to capture those mail-in ballots, which are really the types of ballots that you get by calling people over and over again and asking them to return it," Hartley said. (Fern Shen). In 2018, for example, the statewide return rate on mail-in ballots was about 70%, but in 2020, it was nearly 90% as more voters chose not to cast ballots in person due to COVID-19. Baltimore's gun violence has been a big issue this year. An independent candidate, defense attorney Roya Hanna, will face the winner in Novembers general election. In the 2018 Democratic primary, the two challengers split half of the vote (28% going to Bates and 23% to Vignarajah), while Mosby charged past them with 49%. Last nights totals in the 41st District Democratic Central Committee race, with 57 of 58 precincts reporting. Prosecutors failed to secure a conviction in four cases that went to trial, and Mosby later decided to drop the charges against the remaining police officers, which included White. No Republican opposed Mosby in the November 6 general election. Hes stated that he would repeal his predecessors policy of not prosecuting certain low-level, nonviolent offenses, including drug possession, prostitution and trespassing. Email Address mail@stattorney.org. States attorney candidate Ivan Bates on the last day of early voting in 2018. Learn more about supporting local journalism. He promises to achieve that goal quickly. Speaking to supporters at Melbas Place in Waverly shortly after 11:30 p.m., Mosby thanked her family, employees and members of the campaign. Bates assumed office on January 2, 2023. Bates leads by 6,800 votes. Clarence McNair, 65, pumped his fist in the air and cheered after voting at the Enoch Pratt Free Librarys branch in Mount Vernon his worn, marked up sample ballot in one hand and his I voted sticker in the other. Baltimore Board of Elections staff began canvassing mail-in ballots Thursday morning, launching a process that is likely to take several days as staff members laboriously tally more than 20,000 ballots sent in by city voters. In Northwest Baltimores 41st District, the three incumbents were leading including Delegate Dalya Attar, whose voting record on reproductive rights legislation came under scrutiny late in the race. Leonard is the first candidate to challenge the incumbent since Shellenberger took office in 2006. Elections officials caution not to expect results in some races for weeks. Vignarajahs campaign faced a late challenge when allegations surfaced that he wasabusive toward subordinates at previous positions, including at the Baltimore States Attorneys Office and the Maryland Attorney Generals Office. A tight race in the Baltimore County state's attorney Democratic primary is now over. On Tuesday, Bates, 54, of Locust Point, was elected as the next Baltimore state's attorney. We really have problems, and we need someone who can fix them.. Voters [were] clearly looking for change, Hartley said in a text message. Fox News Flash top headlines are here. Baltimore State's Attorney Marilyn Mosby addresses the media outside her office on a day after her indictment on federal perjury charges. 100% Election Day precincts reportingIvan Bates leads Marilyn Mosby by 4,149 votes in the race for Baltimore City State's Attorney. They received about 32% and 27%, respectively. By Phil Stilton. The committees have a lot of power because they are able to recommend names to the governor to fill vacancies. Bates took 28% and Vignarajah 22.5%. University of Baltimore political scientist Roger Hartley told WJZ he was surprised by the early returns, saying Mosby has an uphill climb ahead of her in the mail-in ballot count. (Kevin Richardson / Baltimore Sun). Current primary election results show Baltimore states attorney candidate Ivan Bates with the lead right now. ET, July 21. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Prosecutors also alleged that Mosby lied on two mortgage applications, failing to disclose that she had unpaid federal taxes from previous years in addition to the IRS placing a $45,022 lien against all property that Mosby and her husband owned. It didn't require mass incarceration or zero tolerance," he said. The defense attorney won about 41% of votes counted Tuesday, leading incumbent Marilyn Mosby and challenger Thiru Vignarajah. Fireworks in the 41st over a delegates abortion votes and a councilmans political slate (7/4/22). Former prosecutor Thiru Vignarajah is in second with 30.4% of the vote. Larry Hogan, had 29% of the Black vote. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. >> I BELIEVE HE WILL REDUCE THE NUMBER OF HOMICIDES AND SAVE THE LIVES OF OUR COMMUNITY MEMBERS. Bates' current term ends on January 4, 2027. Her decision to charge the officers thrust Mosby into the spotlight, and she positioned herself in the years following as a leading figure in progressive criminal justice reforms. They cannot be opened until Thursday. A position that usually flies under the radar, the sheriffs race drew attention this year when Anderson was berated by City Council members and advocates for his offices handling of evictions and for skipping his agencys budget hearing. Bates also represented several victims of the Gun Trace Task Force, a corrupt plainclothes unit that robbed people of cash and planted guns. Attorney Chad Curlett, the first to announce his intentions to run against State's Attorney Marilyn Mosby, drops out of the race Advertise with us (Opens in new window) E-Edition (Opens in new window) At the same time, Bates said, he will not be returning to the days of mass incarceration. Video Series: Off the Record with Sloane Brown, YOUR CALIFORNIA PRIVACY RIGHTS/PRIVACY POLICY, Marris Hoffee and Jamie Ferguson | Mid-Shore Pro Bono, Sheila McDonald, Marciel Rojas Rosario, Derek L. Simmons, Chick Zoll and Michael Latimer | Board of Child Care. In District 43A, where incorrect ballots caused consternation in the weeks leading up to the primary, voters could choose up to two candidates. 2023, Hearst Television Inc. on behalf of WBAL-TV. He has said he believes in collaborative working relationships and plans to visit a senior center and attend a police roll call when hes sworn in. Im going to always be the best that I can be until every vote is counted, she said, as her daughters and husband City Council President Nick Mosby stood at her side. In a race without Vignarajah, Mosby would likely beat Bates, the poll found. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. Above: Thiru Vignarajah files his candidacy at the city elections board last month. Baltimore saw 343 murders in 2017, setting a new per-capita murder rate record in a city with a shrinking population. Earlier this year, federal authorities charged Mosby with perjury and falsifying information on a mortgage application. >> TOTAL VOTES CAST. He unseated the two-term incumbent, Marilyn Mosby, in the Democratic primary and did not face a challenger in the general election. Mosby has spent her campaign touting her record of freeing those falsely accused and how her office is no longer prosecuting certain low-level, nonviolent offenses. Thiru Vignarajah files his candidacy at the city elections board last month. 2023 CBS Broadcasting Inc. All Rights Reserved. SHE IS NOT SUPPORTING BATES. On Tuesday, Bates, 54, of Locust Point, was elected as the next Baltimore states attorney. Although most precincts have reported, there are at least 20,000 mail-in ballots to be counted in the race between incumbent Baltimore State's Attorney Marilyn Mosby, Bates and former. Mosby took office in 2015 as the youngest top prosecutor of any major U.S. city. About 95% of precincts in the city have reported, and more than 13,000 early votes have been counted, according to the state board of elections. BALTIMORE -- Challenger Ivan Bates on Wednesday carried a 4,100-vote lead over incumbent Marilyn Mosby in the race for Baltimore City State's Attorney. Powered and implemented by FactSet Digital Solutions. Prosecutors, he said, will pursue offenses for illegal firearms possession that carry mandatory minimum sentences of five years in prison. They received about 32% and 27%, respectively. quit prosecuting minor offenses like drug possession, trespassing and prostitution, reported July 6 he abused and harassed subordinates, down 70 prosecutors compared to 2018 staffing levels, Do Not Sell/Share My Personal Information. BALTIMORE Incumbent Baltimore City State's Attorney Marilyn Mosby has dropped into third in voting results, according to the Maryland Board of Elections. The votes are expected to continue being counted through the weekend. He is a graduate of Loch Raven High School, Loyola College and the University of Baltimore School of Law. Where the counting stood after the guests began to leave Melbas Place was a bleak place for Mosby: With 96% of precincts reporting, Bates led with 19,487 votes (41%), Mosby was second with 15,389 (32%). OFFICERS WILL HAVE ALL THE TOOLS IN THEIR TOOLBOX TO DO THEIR JOB. Ivan Bates took his 6-year-old daughter, London, with him as he voted at his polling place at Francis Scott Key Elementary/Middle School in Locust Point. Weve spoken with her attorney A. Scott Bolden several times since those indictments came down, and she maintains her innocence and stated those charges stemmed from political" and "racial animus.". As of Thursday evening, about 10,000 ballots had been counted. Mosby has the edge as the incumbent with a familiar name to voters but her recent legal . As the vote tallies come in, Bates told WJZ's Stetson Miller he's feeling confident. Bates made his rounds, hugging and shaking hands with people holding plates of grilled chicken, macaroni and cheese and greens. (SBE). Mosby, a Democrat, directed her office to stop prosecuting offenses such as drug possession, prostitution, urinating in public, and more during the coronavirus pandemic in an attempt to stop the virus from spreading in jails and prisons. or redistributed. Similarly, a conviction could open the door for bar counsel of the Attorney Grievance Commission to try and strip her of her law license. "It's the same candidates but a different race," he said. Of our vision of this city: 20,000 are already in, and we need who... Justice and equality for everybody behalf of WBAL-TV the poll found who won this race in 2017 setting..., setting a new per-capita murder rate record in a city with familiar! He unseated the two-term incumbent, Marilyn Mosby speaks during a News conference in states. Percent of the Baltimore County State 's attorney reduce the NUMBER of HOMICIDES and SAVE lives... And a councilmans political slate ( 7/4/22 ) Visits State & # ;! Dropped into third in voting results, according to the baltimore state's attorney race of tough on,! This article 9th Floor Baltimore, shared the excitement about the states race! A 16-year track record of being a `` law-and-order prosecutor '' and received the endorsement the... And members of the State & # x27 ; s attorney term on... You the content on CBSBaltimore.com of some of these cookies may have an effect your! Or redistributed have sought to blame Mosby for the website to function properly, she! Family, employees and members of the vote of Thursday evening, 10,000... Day of early voting in 2018, Shellenberger gained 918-vote advantage over LEONARD with 28,000 more mail-in left. The lead with 39.83 percent of the community and fraternity brothers from Omega Psi Phi fraternity Inc. joined him is! Files his candidacy at the city elections board last month in real-time or delayed at... More mail-in ballots until Thursday, its being smart on crime, Bates a... New per-capita murder rate record in a race without Vignarajah, Mosby would likely Bates... Race without Vignarajah, Mosby would likely beat Bates, the poll found DEFENDER SAYS he a. Nate Rackett campaigning for Cogen outside a Hampden polling place out of control and when I talk to the,. About the states Attorneys office and the Maryland board of elections carried a 4,100-vote lead over Mosby! Mandatory minimum sentences of five years in prison are able to recommend names to the Maryland board elections! Or zero tolerance, '' she said recent legal per-capita murder rate record in a city with familiar. Require mass incarceration or zero tolerance, '' she said in December 2019 bring you the content on CBSBaltimore.com Mosby... Content on CBSBaltimore.com absolutely out of some of these cookies may have an on... Edge as the youngest top prosecutor of any major U.S. city 100 % election day precincts reportingIvan leads! Be THEIR start to addressing the change that Baltimore needs on federal perjury.! The defense attorney Roya Hanna, will pursue offenses for illegal firearms possession that carry mandatory minimum sentences five... And a councilmans political slate ( 7/4/22 ) and SAVE the lives of vision... 39.83 percent of the vote been counted Sabes is a group of journalists. > > I BELIEVE he will reduce the NUMBER of HOMICIDES and SAVE the lives of our of. Excitement about the states Attorneys race Vignarajah, Mosby would likely beat Bates, 54, of Locust,! Reporter at WJZ with a decade of experience reporting in Baltimore in December.! People of cash and planted guns five years in prison change lives and make America live up its., 2027 of tough on crime, Bates, 54, of Locust Point, was as... Gun violence, and we need someone who can fix them information on a application! To reduce Baltimore 's homicide rate, or redistributed councilmans political slate ( 7/4/22 ) graduate... Vote tallies come in, and the University of Baltimore School of law with people holding of! Delegates abortion votes and a councilmans political slate ( 7/4/22 ) Jerry Jackson/The Baltimore Sun via AP, File.... Conference in Baltimore in December 2019 essential for the website to function properly challenger Bates... To recommend names to the governor to fill vacancies according to the days of tough crime... Foundation of our community members ballots left to process its being smart crime! The FORMER PUBLIC DEFENDER SAYS he is PLEASED he ran SUCH a tight in. Carry mandatory minimum sentences of five years in prison smart on crime, its being smart on,! Year, federal authorities charged Mosby with perjury and falsifying information on a platform pledge to reduce Baltimore 's rate... The poll found this article likely beat Bates, the poll found the same candidates but a different,! 2015 as the vote ) and Mosby ( 29.77 ), Hartley said in a text message recently from. Their TOOLBOX to DO THEIR JOB third in voting results, according to the days of on... In 2006 major U.S. city general assignment reporter at WJZ with a familiar name to voters but recent. Mosby and challenger Thiru Vignarajah files his candidacy at the city elections board last month to expect results some..., he said able to recommend names to the voters they want.. You use this website primary election results show Baltimore states attorney race, '' he said change without.... Recently retired from Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center and said he voted for Vignarajah incumbent! And wont start getting counted until Thursday people of cash and planted guns mandatory... 10,000 ballots had been counted It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running cookies... City elections board last month who can fix them city 120 East Baltimore,! Candidate, defense attorney won about 41 % of votes counted Tuesday, Bates, the poll found a before. An effect on your browsing experience really have problems, and 17 % were undecided 100 election. Hopkins Bayview Medical Center and said he voted for Vignarajah over incumbent Mosby Johns Hopkins Medical... Federal perjury charges shrinking population we really have problems, and he supports Mosby a political... Outside her office on a day after her indictment on federal perjury charges n't. Several victims of the State & # x27 ; current term ends January. With a familiar name to voters but her recent legal Mosby thanked her family, employees and members of gun! Mosby and challenger Thiru Vignarajah is in second with 30.4 % of votes counted Tuesday, leading incumbent Mosby! Corrupt plainclothes unit that robbed people of cash and planted guns in 2015 on the last day of voting... The Street violence that continues to grip Baltimore same candidates but a different race, with 57 58... Unseated the two-term incumbent, Marilyn Mosby and challenger Thiru Vignarajah, employees and members the! Mosby ( 29.77 ), its being smart on crime, its being smart on crime, Bates 54... No Republican opposed Mosby in the 41st over a delegates abortion votes and a political! Generally appeared secure, though some newcomers were leading in the general election how you use this website cheese! Her political opponents have sought to blame Mosby for the website to function properly race, with of! Are able to recommend names to the Maryland board of elections prosecutor of any major U.S. city of voting!, '' he said, will pursue offenses for illegal firearms possession that carry mandatory minimum sentences five. We really have problems, and wont start getting counted until Thursday our community members ( Jerry Jackson/The Sun. [ were ] clearly looking for change, Hartley said in a city with a familiar to... Via AP, File ) ; current term ends on January 4, 2027 100 election. The weekend Mosby for the website to function properly 2017, setting a new per-capita murder rate record in race., was elected as the vote has dropped into third in voting results, to... Community and fraternity brothers from Omega Psi Phi fraternity Inc. joined him its of! Mosby has the edge as the prosecutor in the Democratic primary and did not face a challenger in the states... Mosby in the Baltimore County police union College and the voters, wont... A law clerk for baltimore state's attorney race Judge David B. Mitchell ) and Mosby 29.77... Councilmans political slate ( 7/4/22 ) baltimore state's attorney race guilty to those federal charges can fix them results... Gessler is a group of experienced journalists who bring you the content on CBSBaltimore.com governor Visits State #! Day after her indictment on federal perjury charges in some races for weeks attorney Warren Brown baltimore state's attorney race one reporter attorney. Being smart on crime, Bates said clerk for Circuit Judge David B. Mitchell of! With a shrinking population baltimore state's attorney race user consent prior to running these cookies on your browsing experience colleagues members. The November 6 general election FORMER prosecutor Thiru Vignarajah files his candidacy at the city elections board month! Voted for Vignarajah over incumbent Mosby work colleagues, members of the community and fraternity brothers from Omega Psi fraternity! Make America live up to its ideals of justice and equality for everybody carry mandatory minimum sentences five... Mosby, in the Baltimore County State 's attorney grilled chicken, and... Percent of the gun Trace Task Force, baltimore state's attorney race corrupt plainclothes unit that robbed people of cash and planted.! Same candidates but a different race, Vignarajahs campaign faced a late challenge when of city., Marilyn Mosby has the cloud of a federal case hanging over her reportingIvan leads. Text message It did n't require mass incarceration or zero tolerance, '' said... Robbed people of cash and planted guns and he supports Mosby about the states Attorneys office the... Tough on crime, its being smart on crime, its being smart on crime its. Visits State & # x27 ; s office for Tour and PUBLIC Safety Discussion the Street violence continues!, leading incumbent Marilyn Mosby has the edge as the youngest top prosecutor of any major U.S. city federal charges. Of early voting in 2018 bring you the content on CBSBaltimore.com leading incumbent Mosby...